MUSCLE DISORDERS
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASE
Myasthenia gravis
Weak eyelid closure in myasthenia gravis
Ocular myasthenia gravis
Curtain sign (enhanced ptosis)
Tensilon test
Ice test
Congenital myasthenic syndrome
MYOPATHY
· MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Gower's signs
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Illness-associated muscle weakness in dystroglycanopathies
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHMD)
Limb-girdle dystrophy
(caveolinopathies)
Myotonic dystrophy
Percussion myotonia
Tongue myotonia (tongue dimple sign)
· PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA
· MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES
Kearns-Sayre syndrome
· FAMILIAL PERIODIC PARALYSIS
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
MISCELLANEOUS
The breathing arm (respiratory brachial synkinesis)
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
of resting and contracting biceps muscle
Myotonic discharge
Fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves
Fasciculation potentials
Unstable polyphasic motor unit potentials (MUP)
Late recruitment with single motor unit firing rapidly
Polyphasic MUP showing satellite potentials
High-amplitude, short-duration and spiky MUP
Small, long-duration MUP showing typical early recruitment